Social and Cultural

As a developing country, Indonesia has always been faced with the problem of unemployment. Unemployment-related welfare issues that became the main tasks of a government. The amount and type of the type of unemployment figures could indicate less successful economic development programs that run the government.

From since the new order until the order of the current reform, the problem of unemployment is always shadowing and not getting meaningful treatment. Especially with the large population and low education level of society, largely determines the severity of the existing unemployment problem.

Work participation
Before you look at the type species of existing unemployment, we should view the population data in advance. Based on data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2009, Indonesia's population of working age, or aged between 15 and 64 years were as many as 168.3 million people. Of that amount, there were 54, 5 million people is not the workforce. They are housewives, teenagers and young people who were at school or college, and not or do not need a job.

From the above data, the number of the existing labor force recorded as many as 113.7 million people. While the number of people who have worked as many as 104.5 million people. With this data it can be said that labor force participation rate reached 67.6 percent, which shows the ratio between the number of working age by the number of labor force that has worked. While that is not working or looking for work included in the category of open unemployment and totaled 9.3 million people, so that the open unemployment rate reached 8.14 percent.

Grouping
Broadly speaking, the categories or types of unemployment types are grouped into two parts, namely:
- Open unemployment, ie people who do not have a job. This person is now looking for work, employment is terminated, and the permanently unemployed for various reasons.

- Disguised unemployment or underemployment, that is, those who are now working but the number of hours worked is less than the applicable standard or less than 35 hours per week.

While the views of the causes, types of types of unemployment can still be itemized again, that includes:

- Structural unemployment, ie unemployment caused by the inability of job seekers who meet the formal requirements specified recipients work, such as level of education or low skills, or abilities specific to certain occupations.

- Frictional unemployment, which is kind of unemployment that occurs as a result of friction or a mismatch between job seekers or people who work with recipients to work. Friction can be a difference of vision, time constraints, as well as terrain or geographical barriers, so that job seekers voluntarily withdraw and become unemployed.

- Seasonal unemployment, the unemployment that occurs or appears on the season or certain times, like after the current harvest season which takes time. Unemployment is not getting the kind of income during the waiting period.

- Cycle of unemployment, unemployment is due to changes in global economic cycles that lead to narrowness of vacancies available.